Vaginal Discharge

What is Vaginal Discharge?

Vaginal discharge is a fluid or mucus made by glands inside the vagina and cervix (the lower part of the uterus). This fluid helps keep the vagina clean, prevents infections, and removes old cells. It is a normal and healthy part of the female reproductive system.

Most women and girls experience vaginal discharge starting around puberty. The amount, color, and texture of discharge can change depending on factors like the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, breastfeeding, or sexual arousal. Normal discharge is usually clear or milky white and may have a mild odor.

Types of Discharge

Vaginal discharge can vary, and some types are normal while others may signal a health issue.

Normal Discharge

Clear/Watery: Common during ovulation (when an egg is released from the ovary) or after exercise.

White/Creamy: Often occurs before or after the menstrual period. It may feel thicker but shouldn't cause itching or pain.

Sticky/Stretchy: Seen during ovulation, resembling raw egg whites. This helps sperm reach the egg.

Abnormal Discharge

Yellow/Green: May indicate an infection like trichomoniasis (a sexually transmitted infection) or bacterial vaginosis.

Thick, White, and Clumpy: Similar to cottage cheese, often a sign of a yeast infection, which can cause itching and swelling.

Gray or Fishy-Smelling: Linked to bacterial vaginosis, an imbalance of vaginal bacteria.

Brown/Bloody: Can happen after a period or due to irregular bleeding. If unrelated to your cycle, it might need medical attention.

3. Vaginal Discharge Diagnosis & Treatment

If your discharge changes suddenly, smells strong, or comes with itching, pain, or burning, it's important to see a doctor.

Diagnosis

A doctor will ask about your symptoms and may:

Examine the discharge: Check its color, texture, and smell.

Take a sample: Test it for infections like yeast, bacterial vaginosis, or STIs.

Perform a pelvic exam: Look for signs of irritation or infection in the vagina or cervix.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the cause:

Yeast infections: Treated with antifungal creams, pills, or suppositories (available over-the-counter or by prescription).

Bacterial vaginosis: Antibiotics (pills or gels) are prescribed.

STIs (like trichomoniasis): Antibiotics or antiparasitic drugs are used. Partners may need treatment too.

Hormonal changes: If due to menopause or birth control, a doctor might suggest lifestyle changes or hormone therapy.

Prevention Tips

Keep the vaginal area clean and dry.

Wear cotton underwear and avoid tight clothing.

Avoid douching (washing inside the vagina), as it disrupts natural bacteria.

Use protection during sex to reduce STI risk.

When to Worry?

Most discharge is harmless. But see a doctor if you notice:

Unusual color, smell, or texture.

Itching, pain, or burning.

Bleeding between periods or after sex.

Discharge that lasts longer than a week.

Final Thoughts

Vaginal discharge is a natural way your body protects itself. Understanding what's normal for you helps spot problems early. Always talk to a healthcare provider if you're unsure-early treatment prevents complications and keeps you healthy!